Coolant circulation is controlled by a thermostat. While the engine is not warmed up, the coolant circulates only in the cooling jacket of the cylinder block and s the heater core.
As the coolant temperature rises, the liquid cooling thermostat opens and directs coolant flow to the radiator.
Coolant is supplied to the cooling system by a water pump. In the radiator, the liquid is cooled by the oncoming air flow.
Additional cooling of the radiator is performed by an electric fan. As soon as the temperature of the coolant rises to approximately +90°C, the thermal switch turns on the radiator fan via a relay. When the coolant temperature drops below +80°C, the fan is switched off.
Expansion tank (see illustration 1.0) acts as a coolant reservoir. It accumulates the coolant that increases in volume when heated and gives it back to the circulation circuit after the engine has cooled.
1.0 Expansion tank
Attention! The electric fan under the influence of heat accumulated in the engine compartment, even when the ignition is off, can automatically turn on. Risk of injury. Carry out work near the electric fan only when the engine is cold.
Attention! Do not allow coolant to come into contact with clothing or body paintwork. Wash off spilled liquid with plenty of water. Replace all holders and clamps that are damaged or cut during disassembly with new ones during assembly.
The intake of air for interior heating occurs through the air intake grille located under the windshield. The air is then blown into the cabin by a fan. However, before entering the cabin, the air passes through the cabin air filter, and then is distributed by various dampers to the deflectors.
When the interior heating is turned on, the valve for supplying hot coolant to the heater opens.
The air that enters through the air intake grille, when passing through the plates of the heater radiator, heats up and in this state is supplied to the car interior. The heater core is located in the air distribution casing and is heated by hot coolant.
The heating system is based on regulating the temperature of the air supplied to the passenger compartment by, respectively, increasing or decreasing, using air dampers, the proportion of hot and cold air in the total volume of air admitted to the passenger compartment.
A multi-speed fan is used to enhance interior heating. To ensure the operation of the heater fan at different speeds, an additional resistor is installed.
The air conditioner works like a refrigerator. The air conditioning compressor, driven by the crankshaft, compresses the gaseous refrigerant, which becomes liquid.
After that, the refrigerant enters the evaporator, where it again passes into a gaseous state, while taking heat and cooling the air. Cooled air from the evaporator is directed to the passenger compartment. From the evaporator radiator, the refrigerant enters the compressor again.
In order for the air conditioner to work flawlessly, it should be turned on for at least half an hour during the cold season. Otherwise, the seals of the refrigerant circuit will dry out; they become rigid and lose their sealing properties, and the refrigerant, which is a lubricant for gaskets, evaporates.
Attention! We recommend that you entrust any work on the air conditioner and its repair to a specialized workshop. Do not open the refrigerant circuit yourself - risk of frostbite!