A distinctive feature of the engine is increased efficiency, which helps to reduce fuel consumption. Engine efficiency is increased due to the following factors:
- reduction of mechanical losses;
- weight loss;
- optimization of the shape of the inlet and outlet pipes;
- controlled damper bypass exhaust gases (reduced fuel consumption).
The cylinder head is made of light alloy and bolted to the cylinder block. Steel valve guides are pressed into the cylinder head.
Camshafts are made of cast iron and have eight cams and five necks. The camshaft journals are lubricated under pressure, and the cams are lubricated in an oil bath.
Hydraulic tappets with automatic compensation of thermal valve clearances are installed in the cylinder head.
The cylinder head gasket is multilayer metal, 0.8 mm thick.
The installation of the camshafts in a predetermined position is carried out using hubs fixed to the camshafts with keys.
The pulleys are attached to the hubs with three bolts. If the three fixing bolts are removed, the pulleys can turn freely (within the length of the annular grooves). This type of mounting allows for finer adjustment and better distribution of belt tension between different strands.
The cylinder block is made of light alloy and has cast iron liners pressed into it during assembly.
The main bearing cap housing is made of light alloy and cast together with five cast iron bearing caps.
The coolant drain plug is located on the rear plane of the cylinder block.
The engine uses a new type of oil pan with reinforcing ribs to increase the rigidity of the connection with the gearbox.
The tightness between the cylinder block, the crankcase of the main bearing caps and the oil pan is ensured by means of a sealing paste.
The new crankshaft with lightweight counterweights is made of cast iron and is supported by five main bearings. The crankshaft is sealed with O-rings.
Forged steel connecting rods with a center distance of 139 mm. Connecting rod bearings do not have annular grooves.
The piston pins are pressed into the upper heads of the connecting rods and freely installed in the piston bosses.
The connecting rods are drilled holes to improve the lubrication of the lower parts of the cylinder liners.
The identification of the inserts is carried out using strips of paint on their side surface. Matching of liners by pairs is provided by means of three classes of liners (bottom liners).
The identification of the inserts is carried out using strips of paint on their side surface.
The pistons are made of light alloy and are classified according to only one class of piston diameters - nominal and repair.
The flywheel with a diameter of 230 mm is made of cast iron and has 60 teeth around the circumference, of which two are removed to determine the TDC. A special tool allows you to block the crank mechanism by drilling in the cylinder block and flywheel.
Pressure lubrication is provided by an eccentric type internal gear oil pump.
The oil filter element is separated from the cylinder block.
The oil pump is driven by the crankshaft using two flats. The engine oil can be changed using a vacuum unit.
Exhaust gas recirculation is used to reduce intake losses (leading to lower fuel consumption). A variable degree of recirculation is applied.
The design of the exhaust manifold ensures that the catalytic converter warms up quickly during a cold start of the engine.
Depending on the vehicle configuration, two options for attachments are installed on the engine.
The engines use a cross-flow arrangement in which the air-fuel mixture enters the engine cylinders from one side of the engine and the exhaust gases are expelled from the other side of the engine. With this engine design, the filling of the cylinders with an air-fuel mixture and the removal of combustion products are significantly improved.
The preparation and ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders is carried out by a distributed injection system, which has a programmed injector opening time (cartographic dependence) and does not require adjustments during operation. The ignition timing and idle speed are controlled by the engine management system.
The ignition coils are made in the form of a compact unit located and fixed on the cylinder head.