The foot brake is dual-circuit. The arrangement of the contours is diagonal. Each brake circuit consists of a front wheel brake and a rear wheel brake located diagonally to the front wheel. If one of the circuits fails, braking can be performed using the second. In this case, the force on the brake pedal should be significantly greater than during the normal functioning of the brake system. If one of the circuits fails, the braking distance also increases.
The brake mechanisms of the front and rear wheels can be of a mixed type, i.e. disc brakes are installed on the front wheels, and drum brakes on the rear wheels, or the same type, i.e. the brake mechanisms of both the front and rear wheels are disc. The brake mechanisms of the front wheels are equipped with a floating caliper. The rear drum brakes are of the conventional type with brake pads. Disc brake mechanisms of the rear wheels can be equipped with different calipers.
The brake system is equipped with a vacuum brake booster, for which low pressure is taken from the intake manifold.
ABS can be installed both serially and on request. The ABS manufacturer is Bendix.
When you press the brake pedal, the pusher connected to the pedal presses on two pistons located one after the other in the main brake cylinder, which is located in the engine compartment near the vacuum brake booster. The braking force applied to the brake pedal is transmitted by the pistons of the master brake cylinder to the brake fluid in the cylinder. As a result, hydraulic fluid pressure is transmitted to the wheel brake cylinders. The brake pads of the front disc brakes are pressed by the wheel brake cylinders to the brake discs. The order of operation of the brake mechanism is as follows. Under the pressure of the brake fluid, the piston of the wheel cylinder presses only one brake pad against the brake disc. As soon as the piston reaches the stop and can no longer move, the caliper, which together with the wheel cylinder forms a floating bracket, is pressed out by the guides (floating) fingers in the opposite direction. In this case, the second brake pad is pressed against the brake disc, completing the operation of the brake mechanism.
For rear disc brakes, pressurized brake fluid flows to both wheel cylinder pistons, which actuate simultaneously and press the brake pads against the disc at the same time. In this case, we are talking about a brake mechanism with a fixed rather than a floating caliper.
The drum brake works differently. In this case, the active (pressed) brake pad, and after it - passive (wringable) block.
All cars, both with and without ABS, are equipped with a brake force regulator, the action of which is determined by the degree of load on the rear axle of the car. All models have a brake force regulator included in the rear wheel brake circuit.
The parking brake acts through the cable rods on the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels. When the parking brake lever is tightened, the cable linkage is pulled, transferring force to the brake cables attached to the brake shoes of the rear wheel mechanism. The brake pads move and fit against the surface of the brake drum.
If the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels are disc, then they also have brake pads. However, in this case, they are installed on the inside of the brake disc and the disc, as it were, is a brake drum in this.
The brake mechanisms of the front and rear wheels are self-adjusting. This means that they do not require constant monitoring in order to correct or adjust.
When ordering brake parts, be sure to specify their type.
Brake pads should be replaced as a set. It is not allowed to install parts of brake mechanisms of different manufacturers. When finalizing the brake discs, both discs should be given for grinding.
When dismantling the working cylinders of the wheels, rubber cuffs should always be changed. To repair the working cylinders of the wheels, there are corresponding repair kits. In this case, all parts of the repair kit must be fully used. However, before disassembling the working cylinder, make sure that the corresponding part is included in the repair kit.
Greases and oils based on petroleum products must not come into contact with brake parts. When repairing brake mechanisms, cleanliness must be carefully observed.
Cuffs with pistons should be removed only by hand. Before installation, they should be stored in brake fluid. Worn wheel cylinders should be replaced as a set.
Brake fluid must not get on the paintwork of the car body. Drained brake fluid must not be refilled. Do not use brake fluid that has been stored in an open container for a long time.
When bleeding the brake system, depress the brake pedal until freshly filled brake fluid comes out of the system.