The foot brake is dual-circuit. The arrangement of the contours is diagonal. Each brake circuit consists of a front wheel brake mechanism and a rear wheel brake mechanism located diagonally in relation to the front wheel. If one of the circuits fails, braking can be performed using the second one. In this case, the force on the brake pedal should be significantly greater than during normal operation of the braking system. If one of the circuits fails, the braking distance also increases.
The braking mechanisms of the front and rear wheels can be either of a mixed type, i.e. disc brakes are installed on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear wheels, or of the same type, i.e. the braking mechanisms of both the front and rear wheels are disc brakes. The front wheel brake mechanisms are equipped with a floating caliper. Rear drum brakes are conventional type with brake shoes. Rear wheel disc brakes can be equipped with different calipers.
The braking system is equipped with a vacuum brake booster, the low pressure for which is taken from the intake manifold.
ABS can be installed either as standard or as an option. The ABS manufacturer is Bendix.
When you press the brake pedal, a pushrod connected to the pedal presses on two pistons located one behind the other in the master cylinder, which is located in the engine compartment near the brake booster. The braking force applied to the brake pedal is transmitted by the pistons of the master brake cylinder to the brake fluid located in the cylinder. This results in hydraulic fluid pressure being transmitted to the wheel brake cylinders. The brake pads of the front disc brakes are pressed against the brake discs by the wheel brake cylinders. The order of operation of the brake mechanism is as follows. Under the pressure of the brake fluid, the piston of the wheel cylinder presses only one brake pad towards the brake disc. As soon as the piston reaches the stop and can no longer move, the caliper, which together with the wheel cylinder forms a floating bracket, is pressed by the guides (floating) fingers in the opposite direction. At the same time, the second brake pad is pressed against the brake disc, completing the operation of the braking mechanism.
As for the rear disc brake mechanism, pressurized brake fluid is supplied to both pistons of the wheel cylinder, which operate simultaneously and press the brake pads against the disc at the same time. In this case, we are talking about a brake mechanism with a fixed, not a floating, caliper.
The drum brake mechanism operates differently. In this case, the active one is triggered first (pressed) brake pad, and then the passive one (wringable) block.
All vehicles, both with and without ABS, are equipped with a brake force regulator, the action of which is determined by the degree of load on the rear axle of the vehicle. All models have a brake force regulator integrated into the rear wheel brake circuit.
The parking brake acts through cables on the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels. When the parking brake lever is tightened, the cable leash is pulled, transmitting force to the brake cables attached to the brake shoes of the rear wheel mechanism. The brake shoes move and adhere to the surface of the brake drum.
If the rear wheel brakes are disc brakes, they also have brake pads. However, in this case they are installed on the inner side of the brake disc and the disc acts as a brake drum.
The front and rear brakes are self-adjusting, meaning they don't require constant monitoring for adjustments or adjustments.
When ordering brake parts, be sure to specify their type.
Brake pads should be replaced as a set. Installation of brake parts from different manufacturers is not permitted. When refining brake discs, both discs should be sent for grinding.
When disassembling the wheel cylinders, the rubber seals should always be replaced. There are appropriate repair kits for repairing wheel cylinders. In this case, all parts of the repair kit must be used completely. However, before disassembling the slave cylinder, you should make sure that the corresponding part is included in the repair kit.
Petroleum-based lubricants and oils should not come into contact with brake components. When repairing brake mechanisms, it is necessary to carefully maintain cleanliness.
The piston seals should only be removed by hand. They should be stored in brake fluid until installation. Worn wheel cylinders should be replaced as a set.
Brake fluid should not come into contact with the paintwork of the car body. Drained brake fluid cannot be refilled. Do not use brake fluid that has been stored in an open container for a long time.
When bleeding the brake system, press the brake pedal until freshly filled brake fluid comes out of the system.