The vehicle uses a hydraulic service braking system with diagonally split circuits, which significantly improves driving safety. If one of the circuits fails, the second circuit is used as a backup braking system, ensuring that the vehicle stops with sufficient efficiency.
The car uses ventilated disc brakes on the front wheels and a solid brake disc on the rear wheels.
Cars are fitted with round hub caps to protect the rear brake discs and calipers from water and salt.
Brake lines and hoses carry brake fluid from the master cylinder to the wheel cylinders. Connections of pipes to brake cylinders and distribution devices are made using cone couplings. The ends of the tubes are crimped and tapered to fit the corresponding size of the tapered threaded holes in the brake cylinders or distributors.
Before crimping the ends of the tubes, a union nut is placed on them, which, after screwing the conical surface into the conical base of the threaded hole, presses and seals the tube.
Brake hoses provide movable connections between the moving and fixed parts of the vehicle.
The hydraulic brake drive is equipped with a brake booster.
The anti-lock braking system has a brake force distribution function.
Braking efficiency is greatest when the tire has maximum grip on the road surface. During braking, the tire slides on the surface, and the peripheral speed of the wheel becomes less than the speed of the car.
The anti-lock braking system limits the pressure generated in the hydraulic brake system so that the amount of slip is kept near the optimum. The action of this system must be immediate and separate for each wheel. The system must respond immediately to every change in the surface (coefficient of adhesion) and the load on the vehicle.
The anti-lock braking system prevents the wheels from locking during sudden braking, thereby reducing the braking distance, especially on poor road surfaces in rain and snow. The force of adhesion between the wheels and the road is greater in this case when the wheels continue to rotate during braking. In addition, even under full braking, the car remains controllable. Speed sensors, one on each wheel, measure the speed of rotation of the wheel. Using signals from the wheel speed sensors, the electronic control unit calculates the average speed, which roughly corresponds to the vehicle's speed. By comparing the rotation speed of each individual wheel with the average calculated speed, the electronic unit determines the slip state of the individual wheel and thus determines which wheel is in a pre-lock state.
When one of the four speed sensors transmits a signal that the corresponding wheel is locked, the electronic control unit immediately sends a closing signal to the corresponding inlet solenoid valve, which immediately shuts off the supply of brake fluid through the line to the brake wheel - the braking force remains constant. If the slip continues, the release valve opens and the pressure in the hydraulic system of this brake decreases - the wheel is not braked (excess brake fluid returns to the reservoir). As soon as the wheel starts spinning again, the intake valve opens and the exhaust valve closes. The pressure in the circuit increases and the wheel is braked again.
This cycle of braking and free rotation of the wheel occurs very quickly (several times per second) and continues until the vehicle stops or until the brake pedal is released.
The process is repeated during sharp braking separately for each wheel until the brake pedal is released or when the vehicle speed decreases to 2-3 km/h.
The emergency shutdown system disables the ABS in the event of any malfunction or low voltage in the vehicle's electrical system (below 10 V). The electronic control unit also performs a diagnostic function, alerting the driver by illuminating a warning light if a fault is detected in the electrical circuits or components of the anti-lock braking system. A faulty ABS system does not affect the operation of the brakes; they function as if the system were not present in the vehicle.
The BOSCH 5.3 anti-lock braking system is located on the front left side member of the car, and the front and rear sensors are fixed in place.
The brake fluid reservoir, located in the engine compartment, supplies the brake system and clutch with brake fluid.
The EVA BOSCH emergency braking assistance system is a system that allows you to switch from normal braking assistance to ultra-high braking assistance in an emergency by eliminating the reaction force on the brake booster pushrod.
In addition, if you press the brake pedal sharply, the hazard warning lights are automatically turned on, warning other drivers about an emergency situation on the road.
A super-short 23.8mm diameter master cylinder is fitted to all cold climate versions and versions with automatic active transmissions.
The special feature of this brake master cylinder is the integration of the emergency braking system control elements inside the primary piston.
The brake booster reduces the force on the brake pedal, thereby making the car easier to control. On vehicles with diesel engines, a separate vacuum pump is used to create the vacuum that powers the brake booster.
The parking brake acts on the rear wheels via a cable drive. The parking brake adjustment is located under the center parking brake console behind the ashtray.
When driving on wet roads, it is recommended to press the brake pedal from time to time to remove harmful inclusions from the brake discs. Due to centrifugal force, water is thrown off the brake discs during movement, but a thin film of fats, silicones, rubber residue, grease and dirt remains on them, which reduces braking efficiency.
Corroded brake discs cause a vibration effect during braking, which does not disappear even after prolonged braking. In this case, the brake discs must be replaced.
The Electronic Stability Program (ESP) is designed to improve vehicle safety in all driving modes. The stabilization system controls the vehicle's dynamics in extreme conditions, such as when cornering at high speed. The risk of a vehicle skidding or understeering is significantly reduced regardless of the road surface condition.
The electronic stabilization system integrates anti-lock braking and traction control systems. ESP additionally measures the speed of the body movement around the vertical axis, acceleration in the lateral plane, pressure in the brake drive system and the steering angle of the steering wheels. Based on the steering angle and vehicle speed data, the system determines the direction in which the driver intends to move and compares it with the actual direction of travel. If these factors do not match, and the vehicle begins to skid or drift, the stabilization system automatically applies the brakes to a specific wheel.
If a malfunction occurs, the electronic control system is automatically switched off, and the indicator lights in the instrument cluster come on. In this case, the braking system operates in normal mode.
The anti-lock braking system (ABS) and electronic stability program (ESP) do not require maintenance during operation.
Inspection, removal, installation and repair must be performed by a qualified mechanic only.