The car uses a working brake system with hydraulic drive and diagonal separation of circuits, which significantly increases the safety of driving a car. If one of the circuits fails, the second circuit is used as a spare brake system, which ensures that the car stops with sufficient efficiency.
The car uses ventilated disc brakes on the front wheels and with a solid brake disc on the rear.
On cars, round casings are installed on the hubs to protect the discs and calipers of the rear brake mechanisms from water and salt.
Brake lines and hoses transfer brake fluid from the master brake cylinder to the wheel brake cylinders. Connections of tubes with brake cylinders and distribution devices are made with cone couplings. The ends of the tubes are crimped and tapered to fit the appropriate size taper threaded holes in brake cylinders or distributors.
Before crimping the ends of the tubes, a connecting nut is put on them, which, after screwing the cone-shaped surface into the conical base of the threaded hole, presses and seals the tube.
Brake hoses provide movable connections between the moving and stationary parts of the car.
The hydraulic brake drive is equipped with a brake booster.
The anti-lock braking system has a brake force distribution function.
Braking efficiency is greatest when the grip of the tire with the road surface is maximum. During braking, the tire slides over the surface, and the circumferential speed of the wheel becomes less than the speed of the car.
The anti-lock braking system limits the pressure generated in the hydraulic brake actuator so that the amount of slip is kept near the optimum. The action of this system must be immediate and separate for each wheel. The system must immediately respond to every surface change (adhesion coefficient) and vehicle loads.
The anti-lock braking system prevents the wheels from locking during heavy braking, thereby reducing the braking distance, especially in case of poor traction in rain and snow. The grip force between the wheels and the road in this case is greater when the wheels continue to rotate during braking. In addition, even with full braking, the car remains steerable. RPM sensors, one for each wheel, measure wheel speed. Based on the signals from the wheel speed sensors, the electronic control unit calculates an average speed that approximately corresponds to the speed of the vehicle. By comparing the rotation speed of each individual wheel with the average calculated speed, the electronic unit determines the slip state of the individual wheel and thereby determines which wheel is in the pre-lock state.
When one of the four speed sensors transmits a lock signal to the respective wheel, the ECU immediately sends a close signal to the respective inlet solenoid valve, which immediately shuts off the brake fluid supply through the pipeline to the wheel brake - the braking force remains constant. If the sliding continues, the release valve opens and the pressure in the hydraulic system of this brake decreases - the wheel does not brake (excess brake fluid is returned to the reservoir). Once the wheel starts spinning again, the intake valve opens and the exhaust valve closes. The pressure in the circuit increases and the wheel is braked again.
This cycle of braking and free spinning of the wheel is very fast (several times per second) and continues until the vehicle stops or the brake pedal is released.
The process is repeated during hard braking separately for each wheel until the brake pedal is released or when the vehicle speed decreases to 2-3 km / h.
The emergency shutdown system ensures that the ABS is turned off in case of any malfunction or low voltage in the car's on-board network (below 10 V). The electronic control device also performs a diagnostic function, warning the driver by lighting up a warning lamp about a malfunction in electrical circuits or elements of the anti-lock braking system. ABS malfunction does not affect the operation of the brakes, they function as if this system is not in the car.
The BOSCH 5.3 anti-lock braking system is located on the front left side member of the car, and the sensors, front and rear, are fixed motionless.
The brake fluid reservoir, located in the engine compartment, supplies the brake system and clutch with brake fluid.
BOSCH's EVA Hard Brake Assist is a system that allows you to switch from Normal Boost to Super High Boost mode in an emergency by eliminating the reaction force on the vacuum booster push rod.
In addition, if you press the brake pedal hard, the hazard warning lights automatically turn on, warning other drivers of an emergency on the road.
A super-short 23.8mm brake master cylinder is fitted to all versions for cold climates and versions with automatic transmissions.
A feature of this brake master cylinder is the integration of the emergency brake controls into the primary piston.
The vacuum brake booster reduces the force on the brake pedal, thereby making driving easier. On vehicles with diesel engines, a separate vacuum pump is used to create a vacuum that ensures the operation of the vacuum brake booster.
The parking brake acts on the rear wheels via a cable drive. The parking brake is adjusted under the parking brake center console behind the ashtray.
When driving on wet roads, it is recommended to depress the brake pedal from time to time to remove harmful inclusions from the brake discs. Due to centrifugal force, water is discharged from the brake discs during movement, but a thin film of fats, silicones, rubber residues, grease and dirt remains on them, which reduce braking efficiency.
Corroded brake discs cause a vibration effect during braking, which does not disappear during prolonged braking. In this case, the brake discs must be replaced.
Electronic Stability Program (ESP) designed to improve vehicle safety in all driving modes. The stabilization system monitors the dynamics of the vehicle under extreme conditions, such as when cornering at high speeds. The risk of a car skidding or skidding is significantly reduced in any condition of the road surface.
Anti-lock and slip systems are integrated into the electronic stabilization system. ESP additionally measures yaw rate, lateral acceleration, brake pressure, and steering angle. Based on the steering angle and vehicle speed, the system determines the direction in which the driver intends to travel and compares it with the actual direction of travel. If these factors do not agree, when the car begins to drift or skid, the stabilization system automatically brakes a certain wheel.
In the event of a malfunction, the electronic control system is automatically switched off, and the control lamps in the instrument cluster light up. In this case, the braking system operates normally.
Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESP) during operation do not require maintenance.
Inspection, removal, installation and repair should only be carried out by a qualified mechanic.