General information
The power that an engine can develop depends on the amount of air and fuel that enters the engine's cylinders. To increase engine power, it is necessary to increase the air and fuel supply. Supplying more fuel will have no effect until there is enough air for combustion. Otherwise, an excess of unburned fuel is formed, which leads to overheating and increased smoke in the engine. To increase the amount of air supplied to the engine, a turbocharger is used, which compresses the air entering the combustion chamber.
The turbocharger consists of a centrifugal supercharger wheel and a turbine connected to each other by a common rigid axle. Both of these elements rotate in the same direction at the same speed. The energy in the exhaust gas flow, which is not used in conventional engines, is converted into torque, which drives the turbocharger. Exhaust gases leaving the engine cylinders are at high temperature and pressure. They accelerate to high speed and interact with the blades of the turbine, which converts kinetic energy into mechanical rotational energy. Energy conversion is accompanied by a decrease in the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gases. The turbocharger sucks air through the air filter, compresses it and delivers it to the engine cylinders. By increasing the amount of air, the amount of fuel can also be increased, which allows the engine to develop more power.
To lubricate the turbocharger, engine oil is supplied under pressure through a special pipeline.
Because the turbocharger operates at high speeds, care and cleanliness must be observed. Dirt entering the turbocharger can damage it.
Attention! Before disconnecting any elements from the turbocharger, thoroughly clean them of dirt. To protect against contamination, place the elements removed from the turbocharger in a sealed container, close the air channels of the turbocharger.
The turbocharger is unregulated and provides a boost pressure of 0.5 bar at idle speed and 1 bar at full load.
It is located on the exhaust manifold above the catalytic oxidation converter and is covered by a heat shield.
Removing
Turn off the ignition and disconnect the wire «masses» from the battery.
Place the car on a lift.
Pic. 4.37. Bolt location (1) fastening of the upper transverse panel (2) and clamps (3)
Remove bolts 1 (pic. 4.37) fastening of the upper transverse panel 2.
Remove clips 3 facing the radiator.
Lift and tilt the top cross bar towards the front of the vehicle.
Pic. 4.38. Bolt location (1) heat shield fixings
Remove bolts 1 (pic. 4.38) heat shield attachments.
Protect the radiator of the cooling system and in an upward direction, remove the heat shield.
Remove the air pipe and turbocharger damper.
Remove the upper exhaust manifold heat shield.
Pic. 4.39. Turbocharger: 1 - catalytic converter; 2 - clamp; 3 - turbocharger; 4 - exhaust manifold; 5 - nuts
Loosen clamp 2 (pic. 4.39) attaching catalytic converter 1 to turbocharger 3.
Remove the turbocharger lube bolt.
Remove the oil return connector from the turbocharger.
Remove the nuts 5 fastening the turbocharger to the exhaust manifold 4 and remove the turbocharger.
Installation
Clean the surface of the exhaust manifold.
Install the turbocharger on the exhaust manifold and secure it with new nuts, tightening them to 25 Nm.
Replace the leather gasket on the hollow bolt used to lubricate the turbocharger.
Install the hollow bolt oil supply pipe.
Tighten the hollow bolt to 30 Nm.
Install the turbocharger oil return connector.
Connect the catalytic converter to the turbocharger and secure it with a clamp.
Install the exhaust manifold upper heat shield and secure with bolts to 10 Nm.
Install the air pipe and turbocharger dampener.
Protect the radiator of the cooling system and from above, install the heat shield. Tighten the heat shield mounting bolts to 5 Nm.
Install the top cross panel.
Install the radiator grille clips.
Tighten the upper transverse panel mounting bolts to 15 Nm.
Connect the wire to the negative battery terminal.