Table of contents: Catalytic converter 🠇 Operation of vehicles with a…🠇 Safety requirements for using a…🠇
The exhaust system is used to remove exhaust gases into the atmosphere, preventing even minimal amounts of them from entering the vehicle's interior and reducing engine noise.
Caution! The connecting element in the exhaust pipe must be protected from any mechanical damage. The connecting element in the exhaust inlet pipe must not be bent more than 20° in the rotation angle or displaced by 20 mm in the axial direction and 25 mm in the radial direction, otherwise it will be damaged.
Figure 3.50. Exhaust system: 1 - oxygen concentration sensor; 2 - bolt hinge joint; 3 - clamp
The exhaust system consists of an exhaust manifold, an exhaust pipe, mufflers and a catalytic converter (figure 3.50).
The exhaust system elements are connected using threaded connections and clamps.
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Catalytic converter
All vehicles are equipped with catalytic converters to reduce the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere with exhaust gases.
The inlet and outlet cones with pipes and mounting flanges, as well as heat reflectors that hold the ceramic lining, are welded to the neutralizer body, made of stainless steel. The entire internal volume of the housing is occupied by a ceramic porous monolith-catalyst, fixed with rings or a stainless steel mesh. The catalyst is a filter in which the entire internal and external surface of the pores in contact with gases is covered with a very thin layer of an alloy containing platinum, rhodium and palladium. The porous catalyst has a large surface area covered with this alloy of very expensive metals, which is what mainly determines the high price of catalytic converters.
The catalyst causes a reaction that converts potentially hazardous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases into harmless gases and water vapor.
All models with a catalytic converter have a closed-loop fuel supply system, meaning that based on a signal from the oxygen concentration sensor installed in the exhaust system, the control unit constantly optimizes the composition of the fuel-air mixture.
The catalytic converter operates effectively at temperatures of +300…+800°C.
Operation of vehicles with a catalytic converter
The catalytic converter is a reliable and simple device that does not require maintenance. To ensure its service life is maximized, the following requirements must be met.
Safety requirements for using a catalytic converter
Do not use leaded gasoline in a vehicle equipped with a catalytic converter, as the lead will coat the precious metals in the catalytic converter grid, reducing their effectiveness and ultimately causing damage to the catalytic converter.
Always keep the ignition and fuel systems in good working order.
Do not operate the vehicle with a faulty ignition system until the fault has been corrected.
If the engine control lamp lights up while the engine is running, you should contact a service station as soon as possible. If the engine management system is damaged, then in addition to increased fuel consumption and deterioration of the engine's dynamic characteristics, the catalytic converter may fail.
Do not start the engine by towing.
Do not turn off the ignition at high engine speed.
Do not use fuel or motor oil additives as they may contain substances that can damage the catalytic converter.
Do not operate the vehicle if blue smoke is emitted from the exhaust pipe.
After the engine has stopped, the exhaust system continues to emit heat for a long time, so you should avoid parking your car on grass or dry leaves.
Remember that the neutralizer is fragile, so avoid impacts when removing it or other components of the exhaust system.